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                <h1 id="1-爬虫介绍"><a href="#1-爬虫介绍" class="headerlink" title="1 爬虫介绍"></a>1 爬虫介绍</h1><p>爬虫可以简单分为几步：<code>抓取页面</code>、<code>分析页面</code>和<code>数据存储</code>。在不同阶段有不同的python库以及方法供我们运用和实现。下面简单罗列各阶段常用的python库和工具。</p>
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<li><code>页面抓取</code>：requests、Selenium和aiohttp等</li>
<li><code>页面解析</code>：正则表达式、lxml、Beautiful Soup、pyquery</li>
<li><code>数据存储</code>：MySQL、MongoDB</li>
</ul>
<p>本文所述案例采用的技术思路为<code>requests+正则表达式</code>。由于requests库为第三方库，所以需要手动安装。虽然有很多第三方库可以解析网页，且正则表达式写起来相对繁琐，但采用正则表达式能够更直观且不需要对网页结构有很深认识。</p>
<h1 id="2-爬虫分析"><a href="#2-爬虫分析" class="headerlink" title="2 爬虫分析"></a>2 爬虫分析</h1><h2 id="2-1-目标分析"><a href="#2-1-目标分析" class="headerlink" title="2.1 目标分析"></a>2.1 目标分析</h2><p>本次案例爬取目标为<a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="http://pic.netbian.com/">彼岸图网</a>，拟通过爬虫技术实现壁纸爬取。</p>
<h2 id="2-2-技术思路"><a href="#2-2-技术思路" class="headerlink" title="2.2 技术思路"></a>2.2 技术思路</h2><img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片1.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>首先查看彼岸图网首页，发现界面上有12个分类可供选择。当点击其中一个分类，例如点击4K风景，页面如下图所示。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片2.png" alt="" style="zoom:80%;">

<p>此时得到了该分类下图片的概略图，点击某一具体图片可以跳转到详情页。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片3.png" alt="" style="zoom:60%;">

<p>此时可以得到该图片的大图（非4K图，因4K图需要账号验证进行下载），该图即为我们爬取的目标。通过分析URL跳转规律，总结该网站爬虫技术思路如下：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片4.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>其中每一步的具体解析处理以及细节问题解决将逐模块详细介绍。</p>
<h1 id="3-爬虫实现"><a href="#3-爬虫实现" class="headerlink" title="3 爬虫实现"></a>3 爬虫实现</h1><h2 id="3-1-抓取主页"><a href="#3-1-抓取主页" class="headerlink" title="3.1 抓取主页"></a>3.1 抓取主页</h2><p>代码实现爬虫的第一步，是抓取首页数据。开始之前，需要确保已经安装好requests库。在进行模拟<code>get请求</code>时，需要设置请求头来伪装浏览器。具体的实现代码如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span>
headers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token string">'User-Agent'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3775.400 QQBrowser/10.6.4208.400'</span><span class="token punctuation">}</span>
response <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>运行并将response打印出来得到如下图结果：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片5.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>可以看到请求得到的网页源码打印出来具有乱码，查看源码，可以发现红框所在处显示该网页采用gbk编码，因此在输出时需要对response进行gbk解码处理，具体实现语句为：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>此时输出就是正常无乱码字符了。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片6.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>由之前对页面进行分析时可知，首页共有12个分类，此刻我们通过检查元素，找到其对应的源码，如下图红框所示代码。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片7.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>此刻就要进入页面解析部分，本案例采用正则表达式进行信息提取。<br>正则表达式通过特定的语法，可以进行字符串匹配。它包含有许多匹配规则，常用的如下表1、表2所示。其中表1为常用匹配规则，表2为限定符，其具体将结合具体的实例进行说明。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片8.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片9.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>为了进行信息提取，首先需要书写正确的正则表达式。对于上述红框部分代码，我们关心所有<code>a</code>字节信息，因此需要将所有<code>a</code>节点提取，此时需要用到通用匹配符<code>.*（点星）</code>，其中点可以匹配任意字符（除换行符），星代表匹配前面的字符无限次，所以它们组合在一起就可以匹配任意字符了，提取目标，则需使用括号将想要提取的子字符串括起来，因此该段匹配的正则表达式书写可以为：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'classify clearfix\">(.*)&lt;/div>'</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>有了正则表达式后，需要对字符串进行搜索，此处使用的是<code>search()</code>方法，它在匹配时会扫描整个字符串，然后返回第一个成功匹配的结果，具体代码如下所示，其中修饰符<code>re.S</code>表示匹配时也匹配换行符。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">response <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> response<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片10.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>此时输出结果并不是我们想要的结果，这是因为匹配涉及一个<code>贪婪匹配</code>和<code>非贪婪匹配</code>的问题。在贪婪匹配下，<code>.*</code>会尽可能匹配更多的字符，<code>.*</code>后是<code>&lt;/div&gt;</code>，但并没说是第几个，所以就会匹配到最后一个<code>&lt;/div&gt;</code>，显然这样是不行的，这时只需要使用非贪婪匹配就好，非贪婪匹配的写法是<code>.*?</code>，多了一个<code>?</code>的效果具体看实例:</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'classify clearfix\">(.*?)&lt;/div>'</span>
response <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> response<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>部分匹配结果为：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片11.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>可以发现已经成功将各<code>a</code>节点源码正确提取出来，下面进行各分类的页面子链接以及分类名提取。由于每一个<code>a</code>节点代表一个分类，包含分类的子链接和分类名。提取单个分类的正则表达式可以写为：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compile<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;a href=\"(.*?)\".*?>(.*?)&lt;/a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>其中<code>compile()</code>方式是将正则字符串编译成正则表达式。<br>此时我们需要提取所有<code>a</code>节点的链接和分类名，<code>search()</code>方法已经不能满足需求，需要借助<code>findall()</code>方法，它会遍历字符串并返回所有满足正则表达式的内容，返回结果为列表类型，所以需要遍历一下来依次获取每组内容。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">items <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>findall<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
page_list_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
page_list_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> item <span class="token keyword">in</span> items<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>运行结果：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片12.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<h2 id="3-2-子页面抓取"><a href="#3-2-子页面抓取" class="headerlink" title="3.2 子页面抓取"></a>3.2 子页面抓取</h2><p>3.1小节已经实现各分类链接和分类名的提取，本小节主要实现分类子URL的解析。首先需要进行URL拼接，以第一分类为例，在浏览器内点击风景分类得到该url为<code>http://pic.netbian.com/4kfengjing/</code>，为首页URL与<code>3.1小节</code>抓取的子链接拼接而成，因此可以据此构造完整子URL并发送get请求。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片13.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>此刻拉到页面底端，可以查到页面总页数，通过查看源代码，可以用以下代码很方便地进行提取。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">page_list_limit <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'\"slh".*?.html\">(.*?)&lt;/a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>运行结果：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片14.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>点击第二页查看URL变化为：<code>http://pic.netbian.com/4kfengjing/index_2.html</code>，第三页变化为<code>http://pic.netbian.com/4kfengjing/index_3.html</code>，因此该子页面链接规则为<code>http://pic.netbian.com/4kfengjing/index_{d}.html</code>， 在循环爬取时需要设置判断，代码如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token keyword">if</span> i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 第1页爬取</span>
    page_url <span class="token operator">=</span> url <span class="token operator">+</span> page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 第2页及以上爬取</span>
    page_url <span class="token operator">=</span> url <span class="token operator">+</span> page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'index_'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> str<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'.html'</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="3-3-图片爬取"><a href="#3-3-图片爬取" class="headerlink" title="3.3 图片爬取"></a>3.3 图片爬取</h2><img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片15.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>通过审查元素，可以发现详情页每一张图片信息对应一个<code>li</code>节点，节点内包含图片详情页面链接和图片源地址，但仔细审查就可发现该链接仅是缩略图，具体大图在详情页中包含，因此第一步需要将该页面下所有含照片的li节点提取出来。这里分两步实现，首先将<code>ul</code>节点提取出来，然后采用<code>findall()</code>方法进行各图片链接和名称的提取，具体代码如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">page_list_text <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>page_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
page_list_text <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;ul class=\"clearfix\">(.*?)&lt;/ul>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compile<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;li>.*?&lt;a href=\"(.*?)\".*?target=\"_blank">.*?&lt;b>(.*?)&lt;/b>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
items <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>findall<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
img_list_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
img_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> item <span class="token keyword">in</span> items<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    img_list_url<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    img_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>img_list_url<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>img_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>运行结果：</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片16.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>点击第一张图片查看该详情页url为<code>http://pic.netbian.com/tupian/26426.html</code>，可以发现为主页url和抓取的详情页url片段拼接而成，因此详情页拼接规则如下：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">img_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> img_list_url<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>对大图进行元素检查，可以找到其对应的代码段</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片17.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>采用正则表示式将其抓下来，并将url片段拼接成完整url。</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">img_page_text <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>img_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
page_img_src <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'id=\"img\".*?&lt;img src=\"(.*?)\" data-pic'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> img_page_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
page_img_src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> page_img_src<span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<p>接下来就是最后一步，对图片进行存储：</p>
<pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python">img <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>page_img_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>content
img_path <span class="token operator">=</span> doc_name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name
<span class="token keyword">with</span> open<span class="token punctuation">(</span>img_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'wb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fp<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    fp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>write<span class="token punctuation">(</span>img<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'下载成功!!!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>
<h2 id="3-4-运行测试"><a href="#3-4-运行测试" class="headerlink" title="3.4 运行测试"></a>3.4 运行测试</h2><p>前文所述相对分散，对代码进行整体结构调整，并增加细节提示，完整代码见附录，具体运行截图如下图所示。</p>
<img src="/posts/3b6a54d1/图片18.png" alt="" style="zoom:100%;">

<p>至此，针对彼岸图网采用<code>requests库+正则表达式</code>技术方案进行壁纸抓取完毕。</p>
<h1 id="4-附录"><a href="#4-附录" class="headerlink" title="4 附录"></a>4 附录</h1><pre class="line-numbers language-python"><code class="language-python"><span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># coding=utf-8</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># @brief 采用request请求和正则表达式进行彼岸图网图片抓取</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># @author yishm</span>
<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># @date 20/10/16/21:01</span>
<span class="token keyword">import</span> requests
<span class="token keyword">import</span> re
<span class="token keyword">import</span> os


<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 封装从栏目页进入内容页连接解析函数</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">name</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    url <span class="token operator">=</span> url <span class="token operator">+</span> page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">[</span>int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>type_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    doc_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'./'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>type_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    page_list_text <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
    page_list_limit <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'\"slh".*?.html\">(.*?)&lt;/a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    <span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"{}上限页数为{}页"</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>type_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        page_need <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"请输入您要爬取{}的页数: "</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>format<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>type_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

        <span class="token keyword">if</span> page_need<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isdigit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> <span class="token number">1</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_need<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_limit<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 判断是否填写有误(包括页数判断)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">if</span> <span class="token operator">not</span> os<span class="token punctuation">.</span>path<span class="token punctuation">.</span>exists<span class="token punctuation">(</span>doc_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                os<span class="token punctuation">.</span>mkdir<span class="token punctuation">(</span>doc_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_need<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
                <span class="token keyword">if</span> i <span class="token operator">==</span> <span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 第1页爬取</span>
                    spider<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> doc_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
                <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 第2页及以上爬取</span>
                    page_url <span class="token operator">=</span> url <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'index_'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> str<span class="token punctuation">(</span>i<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'.html'</span>
                    page_list_text <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>page_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
                    spider<span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> doc_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">break</span>
        <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"请重新输入正确的数字"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>


<span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 封装内容页图片连接解析函数</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">spider</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> doc_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    page_list_text <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;ul class=\"clearfix\">(.*?)&lt;/ul>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compile<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;li>.*?&lt;a href=\"(.*?)\".*?target=\"_blank">.*?&lt;b>(.*?)&lt;/b>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    items <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>findall<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> page_list_text<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    img_list_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    img_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> item <span class="token keyword">in</span> items<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        img_list_url<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        img_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> range<span class="token punctuation">(</span>len<span class="token punctuation">(</span>img_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        img_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> img_list_url<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span>
        name <span class="token operator">=</span> img_name<span class="token punctuation">[</span>i<span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'.jpg'</span>
        img_page_text <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>img_url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
        page_img_src <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'id=\"img\".*?&lt;img src=\"(.*?)\" data-pic'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> img_page_text<span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        page_img_src <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> page_img_src
        img <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>page_img_src<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>content
        img_path <span class="token operator">=</span> doc_name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'/'</span> <span class="token operator">+</span> name
        <span class="token keyword">with</span> open<span class="token punctuation">(</span>img_path<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'wb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token keyword">as</span> fp<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
            fp<span class="token punctuation">.</span>write<span class="token punctuation">(</span>img<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
            <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>name <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token string">'下载成功!!!'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'http://pic.netbian.com'</span>
headers <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">{</span>
    <span class="token string">'User-Agent'</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span> <span class="token string">'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.25 Safari/537.36 Core/1.70.3775.400 QQBrowser/10.6.4208.400'</span>
<span class="token punctuation">}</span>
response <span class="token operator">=</span> requests<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token operator">=</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token operator">=</span>headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>text
pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compile<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'\"classify clearfix\">(.*?)&lt;/div>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
response <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>search<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> response<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
pattern <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>compile<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'&lt;a href=\"(.*?)\".*?>(.*?)&lt;/a>'</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>S<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
items <span class="token operator">=</span> re<span class="token punctuation">.</span>findall<span class="token punctuation">(</span>pattern<span class="token punctuation">,</span> response<span class="token punctuation">.</span>group<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
page_list_url <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>
page_list_name <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span>


<span class="token keyword">while</span> <span class="token boolean">True</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
    k <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token number">0</span>
    <span class="token keyword">for</span> item <span class="token keyword">in</span> items<span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        page_list_url<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">0</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        page_list_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>append<span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>k<span class="token punctuation">,</span> end<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">'.'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        k <span class="token operator">=</span> k <span class="token operator">+</span> <span class="token number">1</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>item<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>encode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'ISO-8859-1'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>decode<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'gbk'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> end<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">' '</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
    type_name <span class="token operator">=</span> input<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"\n请输入对应数字: "</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>

    <span class="token keyword">if</span> type_name<span class="token punctuation">.</span>isdigit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">and</span> <span class="token number">0</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> int<span class="token punctuation">(</span>type_name<span class="token punctuation">)</span> <span class="token operator">&lt;=</span> <span class="token number">11</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>  <span class="token comment" spellcheck="true"># 判断是否数字且是否超出可爬取范围</span>
        name<span class="token punctuation">(</span>url<span class="token punctuation">,</span> type_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> headers<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">break</span>
    <span class="token keyword">else</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
        <span class="token keyword">print</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">"请重新输入正确的数字"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
        <span class="token keyword">continue</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="line-numbers-rows"><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span><span></span></span></code></pre>

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    #rewardModal .reward-tabs {
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